Approximately 10 people are bitten by snakes every day in Australia. Fortunately, most of these snake bites are not life-threatening; only about 13% of bites require anti-venom treatment. Snakes are found nationwide in a vast array of sizes, colours, and patterns. Being able to identify them is essential for safety and informed decision-making.
Why Use a Snake Identification Chart?
Australia is home to a diverse range of snake species. While many inhabit wild environments, making encounters with hikers and campers infrequent, numerous species have adapted to urban areas. It is not uncommon to find snakes hiding in gardens or even entering homes.
The likelihood of an encounter increases during periods of high snake activity. Knowing which species you are looking at helps determine the best course of action. Please bear in mind that under no circumstances should a snake be handled without an expert.
What are the Main Species of Snakes in Australia?
Taipans
Australia is home to three species of Taipans which are highly venomous: the Inland Taipan, the Coastal Taipan, and the Western Desert Taipan. These snakes can reach lengths of two metres. Their appearance is seasonal; they display paler scales during the summer months and significantly darker shades in winter. Taipans can be very aggressive and fast
Brown Snakes
Brown Ssnakes are arguably the most notorious snakes in the country. There are nine species distributed across Australia, and they are responsible for more hospitalisations than any other type of snake. The Eastern Brown snake, in particular, is the second most venomous land snake in the world.
Unlike most snakes, Brown Snakes are diurnal (daylight). They exceed two metres in length and usually have a brown or black body with a head that is noticeably paler than the rest of the torso. Though timid by nature, they will strike if they feel trapped.
Tiger Snakes
There is only a single species of Tiger Snake in Australia, but they are difficult to identify since they have multiple local varieties. These highly venomous snakes can have dark brown and yellow-brown bands, but often these stripes may not be present. Since colouration can vary significantly within the species, it should not be relied upon as the only way to identify Tiger Snakes.
A defining characteristic of Tiger Snakes is their ability to flatten their bodies at the base of the head when threatened—a defensive posture that mimics the hood of a cobra. Tiger Snake venom is highly potent, containing neurotoxins and blood coagulants.
Death Adder
There are seven species of death adders in Australia and they can be found throughout most of the country. They are venomous snakes but are also fairly small in size for their fearsome reputation. They usually feature striped patterns that help them camouflage into their surroundings.
The death adder is one of the fastest snakes in the world, but it is also calm. The Death Adder is an ambush predator. Rather than fleeing, it remains motionless at night, waiting for prey to approach.
Other Snakes
Pythons, such as the Scrub, Olive and Carpet varieties, are common throughout Australia. These snakes are non-venomous. As constrictors, they kill their prey by coiling around it and halting blood flow.
Snake Prey and Dietary Myths
A common myth suggests that snakes will eat anything. In reality, they are quite particular about their diet. A snake can only consume prey that is slightly wider than its own body. While sensationalist media stories often claim snakes can eat humans, there are only three recorded instances in history—all involving snakes 6 to 7 metres long, which is far larger than any species found in Australia.
The "Pupil Test" Fallacy
Many people mistakenly believe they can determine if a snake is dangerous by checking if its pupils are round or vertical slits. Do not attempt this.
- Terminology: Snakes are venomous, not poisonous. (Poisons are harmful if swallowed; venom is injected).
- Proximity: Getting close enough to inspect a snake's eyes puts you at immediate risk of being bitten.
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Inaccuracy: Pupil shape is not a reliable indicator of toxicity. Instead, it typically indicates whether a snake is nocturnal (slits) or diurnal (round).
How to Keep Snakes Away from Your Property
The best way to prevent snakes from entering your home and garden is by creating an environment that discourages them. Here’s how:
- Eliminate hiding spots – Keep your yard free from woodpiles, thick mulch, and overgrown grass.
- Remove food sources – Snakes are drawn to areas with rodents, so keeping pests under control is key.
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Install EnviroBug Snake Repellers – A safe, chemical-free solution that emits vibrations to deter snakes from settling on your property.
Final Word: Australian Snake Identification Chart
Snakes are a vital component of Australia’s local ecosystem. Given their widespread distribution across the country, having an encounter with one is entirely natural and relatively common. If you cross paths with a snake, the best approach is simply to stand still or back away slowly, allowing the animal to pass without feeling threatened.
Should you encounter snakes around your home or backyard, the safest and most effective strategy is to deter them using humane snake repellent devices. Crucially, it is important to remember that all native snakes are protected by law in Australia; it is strictly illegal to harm or kill them. By respecting their space and utilising preventative measures, we can safely share our environment with these remarkable reptiles.
